Lassithi Archaeological Site of Olous

Location: Elounda

Olous, also known as Olos, is an ancient Dorian city in western Crete near the modern village of Elounda. Built between the mainland and the Kolokitha peninsula, Olous dates back to prehistoric times. Once a flourishing city-state, Olous was a significant naval power during antiquity, especially during the 400s BC, around the second Persian invasion of Crete. The fortified city had a thriving port that connected northern Crete with other Mediterranean islands. It is interesting to note that some ancient writings connect the region to the famous city of Knossos and even Rhodes.

Olous entered a new period of prosperity during the Roman and Byzantine times, until the appearance of the Arabs in the 7th century. The frequent raids significantly damaged the city’s economy which was based mainly on trade. The area of Elounda returned to its past glory during the Venetian period in the 14th century. The harbor was rebuilt, new trade roads opened and the city was restored. It was during that time that the characteristic saltpans came into light in the shallow waters of the region. Modern researchers argue that the city became sunken and was destroyed altogether possibly by an earthquake or a landslide, around 780 AD.

Much of the archaeological artifacts are attributed to the Hellenistic period. To be more specific, underwater research revealed the existence of segments, the ruins of ancient buildings and roads, and the remains of what is thought to be public buildings. A Hellenistic fortification and a tower were also found in the southern extent of the ancient harbor. Moreover, Roman tombs, a cemetery, and parts of marble statues were discovered from the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities, apart from other findings such as coins dating back to the 4th century BC.

On the other hand, excavations at the Kolokytha peninsula brought into light the remains of a Byzantine basilica and a mosaic. It is believed that another submerged Byzantine church exists.

What to do and see?

When visiting the Olous Archaeological Site in Elounda, one can admire the remains of the sunken city, especially when the sea is at peace. You may stroll across the beach and the ancient ruins will without a doubt bewitch you. Should you want to explore more about ancient Olous, there is the possibility of an underwater adventure with well-trained professionals that guarantee you not only a safe but also a memorable excursion.

Continue the exploration by paying a visit to the Kalokitha peninsula, only 1.5 km away from the Olous Archaeological Site. You can easily get there by car or on foot. Explore the numerous windmills, the area’s trademark, visit the remains of the Byzantine basilica with the beautiful mosaic, and the Ascension Church. A charming small stone bridge can also be detected near the path, with charming boats all around it.